Conflict: American Civil War
Combatants: Confederates vs. Federals
Location: Tennessee (USA)
Outcome: Federal victory
In September of 1863, miserable road conditions and broken supply lines stalled the Federal Army of Ohio, under command of Major General Ambrose Burnside, at Knoxville, Tennessee. In November, Confederate General James Longstreet and 20,000 troops besieged the beleaguered Federal army. Longstreet withdrew on December 4th following a failed assault on the fortifications and two days before General Sherman's relief forces arrived.
Points of Interest:
Although the siege was unsuccessful, Burnsides' failure to pursue the retreating Confederates forced the Union to keep considerate number of troops in Tennessee for the following months.
Just four days later after Longstreet's withdrawal, President Abraham Lincoln addressed the Congress and announced the first offer of pardon for Confederates (with exceptions for government officials, general officers, and others).
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Sources:
Bowman, John S. (Ed.) (1983). The Civil War Almanac. New York: World Almanac.
Catton, Bruce (1955). This Hallowed Ground. Kingsport, Tennessee: Kingsport Press, Inc.
Dupuy, Trevor N., Johnson, Curt, & Bongard, David L. (1992). The Harper's Encyclopedia of Military Biography. New York: Castle Books (HarperCollins).
Dupuy, R. Ernest & Dupuy, Trevor N. (1993). The Harper's Encyclopedia of Military History. New York: HarperCollins.
Eggenberger, David (1985). An Encyclopedia of Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 B.C. to the Present. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.
Hogue, James M. & McPherson, James M. (2009). Ordeal By Fire. New York: MaGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Long, E.B & Long, Barbara (1971). The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac 1861-1865. New York: De Capo Press, Inc.
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